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- Compute hardware. This includes Compute hardware that is optimized and power efficient for Edge like Arm64, Network and Storage resources that support MNO functions. Note that the PCEI Reference Architecture recognizes a model, where a MNO has the ability to distribute the compute infrastructure in appropriate locations in the DCF Domain in order to satisfy performance and functional requirements for the targeted application use cases. For example, a an MNO may wish to implement a Local Break-Out (LBO) in locations that are geographically closer to the mobile subscribers , and uses compute hardware provided by a qualified Bare Metal service provider.
- The PCEI Architecture further recognizes a model, where the Compute Hardware layer is accessible via the Bare Metal Orchestrator that enables dynamic instantiation of compute/network resources for the MNO functions.
- Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure (NFVI). This is the virtualization layer (e.g. OpenStack, Kubernetes) that may be specific to MNO requirements and provides the ability to support MNO functions such as the 5GC User Plane Function (UPF).
- MNO Core Functions. This layer corresponds to the key MNO Core functions applicable to the PCEI. These functions include (but not limited to): UPF, SMF, and other applicable 4G vEPC and 5G Core functions.
- MNO Orchestration Functions. These functions are responsible for communicating the MNO service/performance requirements to the PCEI Enabler and for orchestrating services within the MNO Domain. Examples of these functions include NSSF, NRF, etc.
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- Public Cloud Core Infrastructure. This includes all IaaS/PaaS functions that are provided by the Public Clouds cloud to their customers. These include Virtual Private Cloud and Public/Private Networking capabilities.
- Public Cloud Edge Compute Hardware. This is Compute, Network, and Storage resources that support PCE functions. The PCE compute hardware is usually a vertically integrated hardware resource set controlled by the PCC Infrastructure and connected to it by means of of the L1-L3 Interconnection layer.
- Public Cloud NFVI. This is the virtualization layer specific to the Public Cloud service provider.
- Public Cloud Core Functions. These functions are the specific capabilities offered by the Public Cloud service provider to its customers. Examples include Virtual Public Cloud (and equivalents), Virtual and Physical Private Networking.
- Public Cloud Edge Functions. A set of Public Cloud resources executing on PCE hardware and controlled by the PCC functions.
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P2 – Interface between PCEI and Mobile Network. Provides the ability to accept requests from MNO for PCEI service and request MNO to provide 4G/5G access to PCEI customers. E.g. Network Slicing, LBO.
P2' - Interface between PCEI and the MNO Core Functions such as UPF, SMF. In case of a UPF the P2' interface can be used to configure the the parameters responsible for interfacing the UPF and the virtual/contextual configuration structures within the UPF with the PCC/PCE and 3PE resources by way of the L1-L3 Interconnection layer. The P2' interface implies the availability of standard or well-specified UPF provisioning models provided by MNOs.
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P4 – Interface between PCEI and Interconnection Fabric. Provides the ability to request and orchestrate network connectivity and performance KPIs between MNO UPF, Cloud Core and Edge resources (including 3rd Party Edge)
P5 – Interface between PCEI and 3rd Party Edge Functions (e.g. NFV). Provides the ability to access Edge APIs exposed by 3rd Party Edge Functions (e.g. deployment of NFVs and Edge Processing workloads)
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P7 – Interface between PCEI and Public Cloud Edge Functions (may be maybe part of P8). Provides the ability to access APIs to deploy Public Cloud Edge functions/Instances (may be done through P8)
P8 - Interface between PCEI and Public Cloud Core Functions (may include control over Public Cloud Edge functions). Provides the ability to access Public Cloud APIs including the ability to deploy Public Cloud edge functions.
P9 - Interface between PCEI and the NFVI layer of the 3PE Domain. P9 may be used If a an MNO chooses to expose the NFVI layer to PCEI.
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- Traffic Steering/UPF Distribution/Shunting capability -- distributing User Plane Functions in the appropriate Data Center Facilities on qualified compute hardware for routing the traffic to desired applications and network/processing functions/applications.
- Local Break-Out (LBO) – Examples: video traffic offload, low latency services, roaming optimization.
- Location Services -- location of a specific UE, or identification of UEs within a geographical area, facilitation of server-side application workload distribution based on UE and infrastructure resource location.
- QoS acceleration/extension – provide low latency, high throughput for Edge applications. Example: provide continuity for QoS provisioned for subscribers in the MNO domain, across the interconnection/networking domain for end-to-end QoS functionality.
- Network Slicing provisioning and management - providing continuity for network slices instantiated in the MNO domain, across the Public Cloud Core/Edge as well as the 3Rd-Party Edge domains, offering dedicated resources specifically tailored for application and functional needs (e.g. security) needs.
- Mobile Hybrid/Multi-Cloud Access - provide multi-MNO, multi-Cloud, multi-MEC access for mobile devices (including IoT) and Edge services/applications
- Enterprise Wireless WAN access - provide high-speed Fixed Wireless Access to enterprises with the ability to interconnect to Public Cloud and 3rd-Party Edge Functions, including the Network Functions such as SD-WAN.
- Distributed Online/Cloud Gaming.
- Authentication – provided as service enablement (e.g., two-factor authentication) used by most OTT service providers
- Security – provided as service enablement (e.g., firewall service insertion)
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